Report on carcinogens

Cancer Studies in Humans. Tobacco smoking has been shown to cause cancer of the lung, urinary bladder, renal pelvis, oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, lip, and pancreas in humans ( IARC 1986 ). The risk of death from lung cancer increases with increasing duration of smoking and with increasing numbers of cigarettes smoked.

The Report on Carcinogens (RoC) is a congressionally mandated, science-based, public health report that provides a cumulative list of known or reasonably anticipated human carcinogens. The report contains a short synopsis of key studies on cancer, exposure data, and regulations to limit exposure for each listed substance, agent, mixture, or ...in the Ninth Report on Carcinogens (2000). The profiles for each of these substances and exposure circumstances, which are listed (sep - arately) as known to be a human carcinogen, follow this introduction. Tobacco Smoking CAS No.: none assigned Known to be a human carcinogen First listed in the Ninth Report on Carcinogens …The Report on Carcinogens is a congressionally mandated, science-based public health document that NTP prepares for the HHS Secretary. This cumulative report now includes 256 listings of substances — chemical, physical, and biological agents; mixtures; and exposure circumstances — that are known or reasonably anticipated to cause cancer in ...The Report on Carcinogens identifies many different environmental factors, collectively called substances, including chemicals; infectious agents, such as viruses; physical agents, such as X-rays and ultraviolet …Dec 21, 2021 · N-Nitrosamines are a class of chemical compounds with the general structure shown in the figure. The essential feature of N-nitroso compounds is the N–N=O structure; the R1 and R2 groups attached to the amine nitrogen may range from a simple hydrogen (H) atom to more complex chemical substituents (including ring structures that incorporate the nitrogen atom), as shown in the structures of ...

Studies on Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis. Chloramphenicol inhibits protein synthesis in the mitochondria of mammalian cells (by binding to ribosomes), which accounts for the sensitivity of proliferating tissues, such as those that promote the formation of blood cells, to its toxicity. Anemia, including aplastic anemia, is a recognized hazard ...Since soots were reviewed for listing in the First Annual Report on Carcinogens and by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, follow-up studies of Swedish chimney sweeps reported increased risks of cancer at other tissue sites, including prostate, urinary-bladder, and total lymphatic and hematopoietic cancer. Risks of esophageal and ...We report here that miR-1976 expression was down-regulated in LUAD tissue and was inversely related to NCAPH mRNA expression. Moreover, patients with higher miR-1976 expression have more prolonged OS.Cancer Studies in Experimental Animals. Dietary exposure to BHA caused benign and malignant tumors of the forestomach (papilloma and squamous-cell carcinoma) in rats of both sexes and in male mice and hamsters ( IARC 1986; Masui et al. 1986 ). Since BHA was listed in the Sixth Annual Report on Carcinogens, an additional study in experimental ...Wood dust usually is measured as the concentration of airborne dust, by particle size distribution, by type of wood, and by other characteristics of wood. Total airborne dust concentration is reported as mass per unit volume (usually milligrams of dust per cubic meter of air). Wood dust generally is collected by a standard gravimetric method ...

in the Ninth Report on Carcinogens (2000). The profiles for each of these substances and exposure circumstances, which are listed (sep - arately) as known to be a human carcinogen, follow this introduction. Tobacco Smoking CAS No.: none assigned Known to be a human carcinogen First listed in the Ninth Report on Carcinogens …Wood dust usually is measured as the concentration of airborne dust, by particle size distribution, by type of wood, and by other characteristics of wood. Total airborne dust concentration is reported as mass per unit volume (usually milligrams of dust per cubic meter of air). Wood dust generally is collected by a standard gravimetric method ...It also increased the combined incidence of benign and malignant adrenal-gland tumors (pheochromocytoma) in male mice ( IARC 1987; NTP 1987 ). Since 1,4-dichlorobenzene was listed in the Fifth Annual Report on Carcinogens, an additional study in mice has been identified. Inhalation exposure to 1,4-dichlorobenzene caused liver …Details for: Sixth annual report on carcinogens : Image from Google Jackets. Normal view MARC view ISBD view. Sixth annual report on carcinogens : summary 1991. Contributor(s): National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (U.S.) Material type: Text Publication details: Washington, D.C. : U.S. Public Health Service, 1991.

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in the Ninth Report on Carcinogens (2000). The profiles for each of these substances and exposure circumstances, which are listed (sep - arately) as known to be a human carcinogen, follow this introduction. Tobacco Smoking CAS No.: none assigned Known to be a human carcinogen First listed in the Ninth Report on Carcinogens …The Report on Carcinogens (RoC) is a Congressionally mandated, science-based public health document that identifies and discusses agents, substances, mixtures, or exposure circumstances (collectively referred to as “substances”) that pose a cancer hazard for persons in the United States. Substances are listed in the report as either known or reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens ...in the Ninth Report on Carcinogens (2000). The profiles for each of these substances and exposure circumstances, which are listed (sep - arately) as known to be a human carcinogen, follow this introduction. Tobacco Smoking CAS No.: none assigned Known to be a human carcinogen First listed in the Ninth Report on Carcinogens …Cancer Studies in Humans. At the time PCBs were listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcinogens, very few epidemiological studies had evaluated the relationship between human cancer and exposure specifically to PCBs. An excess incidence of melanoma was reported in a small group of workers exposed to the PCB mixture …3,3′-Dichlorobenzidine and 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride are reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals. The names 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine and 3,3′-dichlorobenzidine dihydrochloride are used interchangeably in the published …

The Report on Carcinogens includes two separate listings (i.e., profiles) for cobalt-related exposures: Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds That Release Cobalt Ions In Vivo and Cobalt-Tungsten Carbide: Powders and Hard Metals. Cobalt and cobalt compounds as a class are listed for the first time in the Fourteenth Report on Carcinogens, and this listing includes and supersedes the listing for cobalt ...The Report on Carcinogens is a congressionally mandated, science-based public health document that the National Toxicology Program prepares for the Secretary of Health and Human Services. This cumulative report includes listings of substances—chemical, physical, and biological agents; mixtures; and exposure circumstances—that are known …Substances Listed in the Thirteenth Report on Carcinogens. Hexachloroethane Hexamethylphosphoramide Hydrazine and Hydrazine Sulfate Hydrazobenzene Indeno[1,2,3‐cd]pyrene (see Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: 15 Listings) Iron Dextran Complex Isoprene Kepone Lead and Lead Compounds Lindane, …The Report on Carcinogens is a congressionally mandated document that is prepared for the HHS Secretary by the NTP. The report identifies agents, substances, mixtures, or exposures in two categories: known to be a human carcinogen and reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. A listing in the Report on Carcinogens does not by itself …Specifically, the NTP publishes the Report on Carcinogens every few years. This congressionally mandated publication identifies agents, substances, mixtures, or exposures (collectively called “substances”) in the environment that may cause cancer in humans. The 2021 edition lists 63 known human carcinogens and includes descriptions of the ...The NTP’s 15th Report on Carcinogens lists 256 substances that are known or probable carcinogens. The IARC classifies 215 agents as known or probable carcinogens. The following examples may be ...The Report on Carcinogens (RoC) is prepared in response to Section 301 of the Public Health Service Act as amended. The RoC contains a list of identified substances (i) that either are known to be human carcinogens or are reasonably be anticipated to be human carcinogens and (ii) to which a significant number of persons residing in the UnitedIn 2013, it was estimated that pesticide contamination resulted in the death of 20 million birds annually; since dead birds are rarely recovered, the actual figure is probably much higher.The Report on Carcinogens identifies many different environmental factors, collectively called substances, including chemicals; infectious agents, such as viruses; physical agents, such as...NTP applies established criteria to determine whether an agent, substance, mixture, or exposure circumstance should be listed in the Report on Carcinogens: Known To Be Human Carcinogen There is sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans , which indicates a causal relationship between exposure to the agent, substance, or ...The Report on Carcinogens review groups considered the data underlying the nomination to remove ethyl acrylate from the Report on Carcinogens, where it has been listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen since 1989. The basis for this listing was a gavage study that resulted in dose-related benign and malignant …The Report on Carcinogens is a congressionally mandated, science-based, public health document that provides a cumulative list of substances that pose a cancer hazard for people in the United States. Su bstances are reviewed for the Report on Carcinogens to

Certain manufacturing processes, occupations, and other exposure circumstances have been classified as carcinogens by authoritative sources, including the International Agency for Research on Cancer (), the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF), and the National Toxicology Program ().These cancer hazards are not included in the …

No, North Texans don’t need to be worried about bird flu right now, health experts says. In the new paper, Blum and her colleagues found that among 101 cars — spread out across 30 states, but ...First listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcinogens (1981) H 2 C=O Carcinogenicity Formaldehyde is known to be a human carcinogen based on suffi-cient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans and sup-porting data on mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Formaldehyde was first listed in the Second Annual Report on …Instead of paying for monthly credit monitoring, why not do it yourself? Normally the three credit bureaus—Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion—only offer one free credit report per y...Historical Highlights of the Report on Carcinogens Criteria Listing Review Process. Since the RoC's inception in 1978, NTP has used scientifically rigorous processes and established listing criteria to evaluate substances for the RoC. The Board of Scientific Counselors (BSC) and the public have provided input leading to several evolutions of ...Writing a report can seem like a daunting task, but with the right format, it becomes much more manageable. Proper formatting not only makes your report look professional but also ...The Report on Carcinogens (RoC) is prepared in response to Section 301 of the Public Health Service Act as amended. The RoC contains a list of identified substances (i) that either are known to be human carcinogens or are reasonably be anticipated to be human carcinogens and (ii) to which a significant number of persons residing in the UnitedThe Report on Carcinogens (RoC) is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses agents, substances, mixtures, or exposure circumstances that may pose a hazard to human health by virtue of their carcinogenicity. It serves as a meaningful and useful compilation of data on (1) the carcinogenicity (ability …May 7, 2024 · Abstract. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services released the 14th Report on Carcinogens November 2016. The RoC is a congressionally mandated, science-based, public health document that NTP prepares for the HHS Secretary. This cumulative report currently includes 248 listings of agents, substances, mixtures, and exposure circumstances ... Administration of chloroform by stom-ach tube caused liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) in mice of both sexes (NCI 1976) and kidney tumors (epithelial tumors) in male mice and rats (IARC 1979, Roe et al. 1979). Since chloroform was listed in the Second Annual Report on Car-cinogens, additional studies in rodents have been identified, which ...

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Report on Carcinogens, Fifteenth dition F T ntnts hntpnnv/go/roc For definitions of technical terms, see theGlossary . N-Nitrosamines: 15 Listings R1 N R2 N O Generic N-nitrosamine structure N-Nitrosamines are a class of chemical compounds with the general structure shown above. The essential feature of N‑nitroso compoundsLosing a loved one is never easy, and it can be overwhelming to navigate the administrative tasks that come with it. One important task is reporting the death to Social Security. T...The Report on Carcinogens (RoC) is a Congressionally mandated document that identifies and discusses agents, substances, mixtures, or exposure circumstances (collectively referred to as “substances”) that may pose a hazard to human health because of their carcinogenicity.Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen First listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcinogens (1981) Also known as 5-(2-propenyl)-1,3-benzodioxole O O H2 C C H H2 Carcinogenicity Safrole is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimen-tal animals.The Report on Carcinogens review groups considered the data underlying the nomination to remove ethyl acrylate from the Report on Carcinogens, where it has been listed as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen since 1989. The basis for this listing was a gavage study that resulted in dose-related benign and malignant …The Report on Carcinogens is a congressionally mandated, science-based public health document that the National Toxicology Program prepares for the Secretary of Health and Human Services. This cumulative report includes listings of substances—chemical, physical, and biological agents; mixtures; and exposure circumstances—that are known …Studies on Mechanisms of Carcinogenesis. Chloramphenicol inhibits protein synthesis in the mitochondria of mammalian cells (by binding to ribosomes), which accounts for the sensitivity of proliferating tissues, such as those that promote the formation of blood cells, to its toxicity. Anemia, including aplastic anemia, is a recognized hazard ...Cobalt (Co) is a naturally occurring transition element with magnetic properties. It is the 33rd most abundant element and makes up approximately 0.0025% of the weight of Earth’s crust. Cobalt is a component of more than 70 naturally occurring minerals including arsenides, sulfides, and oxides. The only stable and naturally occurring cobalt isotope is 59Co. …14th report on carcinogens, 2016 Fourteenth report on carcinogens, 2016 ISBN 9781523108527 (electronic bk.) 1523108525 (electronic bk.) Librarian view | Catkey: 11964717 ….

Dec 21, 2021 · The Report on Carcinogens includes two separate listings (i.e., profiles) for cobalt-related exposures: Cobalt and Cobalt Compounds That Release Cobalt Ions In Vivo and Cobalt-Tungsten Carbide: Powders and Hard Metals. Cobalt and cobalt compounds as a class are listed for the first time in the Fourteenth Report on Carcinogens, and this listing includes and supersedes the listing for cobalt ... First listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcinogens (1981) H 2 C=O Carcinogenicity Formaldehyde is known to be a human carcinogen based on suffi-cient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans and sup-porting data on mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Formaldehyde was first listed in the Second Annual Report on …It also increased the combined incidence of benign and malignant adrenal-gland tumors (pheochromocytoma) in male mice ( IARC 1987; NTP 1987 ). Since 1,4-dichlorobenzene was listed in the Fifth Annual Report on Carcinogens, an additional study in mice has been identified. Inhalation exposure to 1,4-dichlorobenzene caused liver cancer ...While it is possible to eat raw portobello mushrooms, Dr. Andrew Weil advises against eating any mushrooms without cooking them first. Raw mushrooms contain potentially harmful and...Have you ever found yourself stuck in traffic, wishing you had known about the congestion ahead of time? With the advancement of technology, accessing real-time traffic reports has...Specifically, the NTP publishes the Report on Carcinogens every few years. This congressionally mandated publication identifies agents, substances, mixtures, or exposures (collectively called “substances”) in the environment that may cause cancer in humans. The 2021 edition lists 63 known human carcinogens and includes descriptions …On May 26, CNFinance will report earnings from the most recent quarter.Wall Street predict expect CNFinance will report earnings per share of CNY ... On May 26, CNFinance is presen...Sep 8, 2014 · THE REPORT ON CARCINOGENS. NTP is an interagency program involving the National Institutes of Health's National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS, the administrative lead), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, and the Food and Drug Administration's National Center for Toxicological Research. The handbook gives instructions for conducting the cancer hazard evaluation and preparing the monographs on substances under evaluation. The handbook includes methods for: Planning for the evaluation. Conducting literature searches. Assessing study quality and sensitivity of individual studies. Synthesizing evidence across cancer studies …The Report on Carcinogens (RoC) is a scientific and public health document mandated by Congress in 1978. The RoC identifies and discusses substances, chemicals, mixtures, or exposure circumstances (collectively called substances) that may pose a cancer hazard to human health and to which persons in the United States are exposed. Nominations to ... Report on carcinogens, The analysis demonstrates how the Report on Carcinogens, which identifies cancer-causing substances, has impacted public health policies. By Robin Mackar How can anyone tell if the research they are conducting is making a difference? That is a question staff in the Division of Translational Toxicology wanted to answer., The Report on Carcinogens identifies many different environmental factors, collectively called substances, including chemicals; infectious agents, such as viruses; physical agents, such as X-rays and ultraviolet radiation; and exposure scenarios. A substance is listed as either known to be a human carcinogen or reasonably anticipated …, Opisthorchis viverrini (infection with), also known as the Southeast Asian liver fluke. Opium consumption. Outdoor air pollution (and the particulate matter in it) Painter (workplace exposure as a) 3,4,5,3',4'-Pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB-126) 2,3,4,7,8-Pentachlorodibenzofuran. Pentachlorophenol., En Español. SACRAMENTO – Newly released California Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) data show that 97% of fresh fruit and vegetable samples collected and tested contain no illegal pesticide residue. The department’s 2022 California Pesticide Residue Monitoring Annual Report includes information on 3,281 produce …, inated water. The Report on Carcinogens review groups considered the data underlying the nomination to remove ethyl acrylate from the Report on Carcinogens, where it has been listed as . reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. since 1989. The basis for this listing was a gavage study that resulted in dose-related benign and, Since 1,4-dioxane was listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcinogens, additional studies in rodents have been identified. 1,4-Dioxane administered in the drinking water increased the com-bined incidence of benign and malignant liver tumors (hepatocellu-lar adenoma and carcinoma) in rats and mice of both sexes., The Report on Carcinogens (RoC) is a scientific and public health document mandated by Congress in 1978. The RoC identifies and discusses substances, chemicals, mixtures, or exposure circumstances (collectively called substances) that may pose a cancer hazard to human health and to which persons in the United States are exposed. Nominations to ..., The Report on Carcinogens classifies substances as “Known to be human carcinogens” or “Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.” IARC uses a more complex classification scheme which includes substances that have been reviewed but are found not classifiable as possibly carcinogenic to humans: Group1, carcinogenic to humans; …, inated water. The Report on Carcinogens review groups considered the data underlying the nomination to remove ethyl acrylate from the Report on Carcinogens, where it has been listed as . reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. since 1989. The basis for this listing was a gavage study that resulted in dose-related benign and, Cancer Studies in Experimental Animals . Dietary exposure to DEHP caused benign and/or malignant liver tumors (hepatocellular adenoma and/or carcinoma) in mice and rats of both sexes, and the tumor incidences showed significant dose-related trends in both species ()Since DEHP was listed in the Third Annual Report on Carcinogens, …, Credit report pulls are a common part of most of our financial lives. A company may want to run one when you’re about to get a new loan or you’re asking for an increase to your cre..., Five viruses, a chemical, and a metallic element listed in new HHS report. Today’s release of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 14th Report on Carcinogens includes seven newly reviewed substances, bringing the cumulative total to 248 listings. The chemical trichloroethylene (TCE), and the metallic element cobalt and cobalt ..., Parliament has added eight substances to the list of carcinogens and mutagens used in places of work for which limit values are set., Appendix A. Cancer Hazards Not Included in the NTP Report on Carcinogens; Appendix B. Substances Delisted from the Report on Carcinogens; Appendix C. Substances Reviewed but Not Recommended for Listing in the Report on Carcinogens; Appendix D. 15th RoC and Monographs - Collaborators and Contributors, Wood dust usually is measured as the concentration of airborne dust, by particle size distribution, by type of wood, and by other characteristics of wood. Total airborne dust concentration is reported as mass per unit volume (usually milligrams of dust per cubic meter of air). Wood dust generally is collected by a standard gravimetric …, Formaldehyde is known to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans and supporting data on mechanisms of carcinogenesis. Formaldehyde was first listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcinogens in 1981 as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on …, Report on Carcinogens, Fifteenth Edition For definitions of technical terms, see theGlossary. chemical composition of a field sample seldom matches the idealized formula. Amphibole fibers do not divide into fibrils as small in di-ameter or as symmetrical as chrysotile fibers, and they do not have a hollow central core., Michler’ s ketone is a chemical intermediate used in the synthesis of at least 13 dyes and pigments, particularly auramine derivatives ( HSDB 2009; NCI 1979 ). These pigments are used to make ultraviolet-cured printing ink for carton board and paper and as dyes for pen inks, carbon paper, alcoholic solvents, oils, waxes, textiles, and leather ..., The Report on Carcinogens classifies substances as “Known to be human carcinogens” or “Reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen.” IARC uses a more complex classification scheme which includes substances that have been reviewed but are found not classifiable as possibly carcinogenic to humans: Group1, carcinogenic to humans; …, The Report on Carcinogens (RoC) is an informational scienti.c and public health document that identifies and discusses agents, substances, mixtures, or exposure circumstances (hereinafter referred to as substances) that may pose a hazard to human health by virtue of their carcinogenicity., The handbook gives instructions for conducting the cancer hazard evaluation and preparing the monographs on substances under evaluation. The handbook includes methods for: Planning for the evaluation. Conducting literature searches. Assessing study quality and sensitivity of individual studies. Synthesizing evidence across cancer studies to ..., Subcutaneous injection of carbon tetrachloride caused benign and malignant mammary-gland tumors (fibroadenoma and adenocarcinoma) in female rats. Since carbon tetrachloride was listed in the Second Annual Report on Carcinogens, additional studies in mice have been identified. Inhalation exposure to carbon tetrachloride caused benign and ..., 1-Bromopropane is reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals. 1-Bromopropane, either directly or via reactive metabolites, causes molecular alterations that typically are associated with carcinogenesis, including genotoxicity, oxidative stress, and …, Since epichlorohydrin was listed in the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens, the International Agency for Research on Cancer has reviewed its carcinogenicity twice ( IARC 1987, IARC 1999 ). The 1999 review included a follow-up study of the cohort exposed to epichlorohydrin and isopropyl alcohol (Enterline 1982), as well as additional cohort and ..., Jan 30, 2019 · arately) as known to be a human carcinogen, follow this introduction. Tobacco Smoking CAS No.: none assigned Known to be a human carcinogen First listed in the Ninth Report on Carcinogens (2000) Carcinogenicity Tobacco smoking is known to be a human carcinogen based on suffi-cient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in humans. Cancer ... , The Report on Carcinogens (RoC) is a Congressionally mandated document that identifies and discusses agents, substances, mixtures, or exposure circumstances (collectively referred to as “substances”) that may pose a hazard to human health because of their carcinogenicity., Specifically, the NTP publishes the Report on Carcinogens every few years. This congressionally mandated publication identifies agents, substances, mixtures, or exposures (collectively called “substances”) in the environment that may cause cancer in humans. The 2021 edition lists 63 known human carcinogens and includes descriptions …, Five viruses, a chemical, and a metallic element listed in new HHS report. Today’s release of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services 14th Report on Carcinogens includes seven newly reviewed substances, bringing the cumulative total to 248 listings. The chemical trichloroethylene (TCE), and the metallic element cobalt and cobalt ..., Methods: The National Toxicology Program (NTP) conducted a cancer hazard evaluation of ortho-toluidine using systematic review methods to identify studies, evaluate study quality, integrate evidence across studies, and integrate evidence across data streams (human, animal, and mechanistic data).Using the Report on Carcinogen listing criteria, NTP …, Dec 21, 2021 · Tobacco contains more than 2,500 chemical constituents, many of which are known human carcinogens. Tobacco smoking produces both mainstream smoke, which is drawn through the tobacco column and exits through the mouthpiece during puffing, and sidestream smoke, which is emitted from the smoldering tobacco between puffs. Chewing tobacco and snuff are the two main forms of smokeless tobacco used ... , 14th report on carcinogens, 2016 Fourteenth report on carcinogens, 2016 ISBN 9781523108527 (electronic bk.) 1523108525 (electronic bk.) Librarian view | Catkey: 11964717, nual Report on Carcinogens in 1991 as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from studies in experimental animals; the listing was revised to known to be a human carcinogen in the Ninth Report on Carcinogens in 2000. Cancer Studies in Humans, The Report on Carcinogens (RoC) is a Congressionally mandated, science-based public health document that identifies and discusses agents, substances, mixtures, or exposure circumstances (collectively referred to as “substances”) that pose a cancer hazard for persons in the United States. Substances are listed in the report as either known or reasonably anticipated to be human carcinogens ...